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Freedom Schools
Freedom Schools were temporary, alternative free schools for African Americans mostly in the South. They were originally part of a nationwide effort during the Civil Rights Movement to organize African Americans to achieve social, political and economic equality in the United States. The most prominent example of Freedom Schools was in Mississippi during the summer of 1964.
==Origins==
Despite the Supreme Court's ruling of 1954 in the Brown v. Board of Education case striking down segregated school systems, in the mid-1960s Mississippi still maintained separate and unequal white and "colored" school systems. On average, the state spent $81.66 to educate a white student compared to only $21.77 for a black child. Mississippi was one of only two states in the union that did not have a mandatory education law and many children in rural areas were sent to work in the fields and received little education at all. Even the curriculum was different for white and black. As a typical example, the white school board of Bolivar County mandated that "Neither foreign languages nor civics shall be taught in Negro schools. Nor shall American history from 1860 to 1875 be taught."
In late 1963, Charles Cobb,〔http://www.choices.edu/resources/scholars_Cobb.php Charles E. Cobb Jr. biography〕 a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) activist, proposed the organization sponsor a network of Freedom Schools. The concept of Freedom Schools had been utilized by educators and activists prior to the summer of 1964 in Boston, New York, and Prince Edward County, Virginia, where public schools were closed in reaction to the 1954 ''Brown v. Board of Education'' decision or, in the case of Boston, as acts of protest against discriminatory school conditions.〔(Daniel Perlstein, "Teaching Freedom: SNCC and the Creation of Mississippi Freedom Schools" History of Education Quarterly, Autumn 1990, p. 297-324 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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